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Idrissa Ouédraogo was born in Banfora, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), in 1954. He grew up in the town of Ouahigouya in the northern region of his homeland, and in 1976 he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree. To ensure a better life his farmer parents sent him to Ouagadougou for further education, where he attended the African Institute for Cinema Studies (Institut Africain d’Etudes Cinématographiques) completing his studies in 1981 with a masters. After studying in Kiev in the USSR he moved to Paris, where he graduated from the Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC) in 1985 with a DEA from the Sorbonne. On graduating from IAFEC in 1981, Ouédraogo set up his own independent film company, "The Future of Films", which became "Les Films de la Plaine". In 1981, before moving to Kiev, he worked for the Burkina Faso Directorate of Cinema Production (Direction de la Production Cinématographique du Burkina Faso), where he directed several short films.
He was a renowned Burkinabé filmmaker celebrated for his humanistic portrayals of life in West Africa and his significant contributions to the development of African cinema.
He is best known for directing works such as Yaaba, which gained international attention, and Tilaï, which won the Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival.
The director specialized in poignant social dramas and documentaries that explored the complex intersections of tradition, modernity, and the realities of rural and urban life in Burkina Faso.